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Source: http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1711773/jay-z-picasso-baby-performance-art-film.jhtml
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This image shows 20 of the quenched galaxies ? galaxies that are no longer forming stars ? seen in the Hubble COSMOS observations. Each galaxy is identified by a crosshair at the center of each frame. Quenched galaxies in the distant universe are much smaller than those seen nearby. It was thought that these small galaxies merged with other smaller gas-free galaxies to grow bigger, but it turns out that larger galaxies were "switching off" at later times and adding their numbers to those of their smaller and older siblings, giving the mistaken impression of individual galaxy growth over time. // NASA/ESA/M. Carollo (ETH Zurich)
Some galaxies hit a point in their lives when their star formation is snuffed out, and they become ?quenched.? Quenched galaxies in the distant past appear to be much smaller than the quenched galaxies in the universe today. This has always puzzled astronomers: How can these galaxies grow if they are no longer forming stars? A team of astronomers has now used a huge set of Hubble observations to give a surprisingly simple answer to this long-standing cosmic riddle.Until now, these small snuffed-out galaxies were thought to grow into the larger quenched galaxies we see nearby.
As these galaxies are no longer forming new stars, they were thought to grow by colliding and merging with other smaller quenched galaxies some five to 10 times less massive. However, these mergers would require many such small galaxies floating around for the quenched population to snack on, which astronomers do not see.
Until recently, it had not been possible to explore a sufficient number of quenched galaxies, but now a team of astronomers has used observations from the Hubble COSMOS survey to identify and count these switched-off galaxies throughout the last 8 billion years of cosmic history.
?The apparent puffing up of quenched galaxies has been one of the biggest puzzles about galaxy evolution for many years,? said Marcella Carollo of the Federal Institute of Technology University (ETH) of Zurich, Switzerland. ?No single collection of images has been large enough to enable us to study very large numbers of galaxies in exactly the same way until Hubble?s COSMOS,? said Nick Scoville of Caltech in Pasadena, California.
The team used the large set of COSMOS images alongside additional observations from the Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope and the Subaru Telescope, both in Hawaii, to peer back to when the universe was less than half its present age. These observations mapped an area in the sky almost nine times that of the Full Moon.
The quenched galaxies seen at these times are small and compact, and, surprisingly, it seems they stay that way. Rather than puffing up and growing via mergers over time, these small galaxies mostly keep the size they had when their star formation switched off. So why do we see these galaxies apparently growing larger over time?
?We found that a large number of the bigger galaxies instead switch off at later times, joining their smaller quenched siblings and giving the mistaken impression of individual galaxy growth over time,? said Simon Lilly of ETH Zurich. ?It?s like saying that the increase in the average apartment size in a city is not due to the addition of new rooms to old buildings, but rather to the construction of new, larger apartments,? said Alvio Renzini of INAF Padua Observatory in Italy.
This tells scientists a lot about how galaxies have evolved over the last 8 billion years of the universe?s history. It was already known that actively star-forming galaxies were smaller in the early universe, explaining why they were smaller when their star formation first switched off.
?COSMOS provided us with simply the best set of observations for this sort of work. It lets us study very large numbers of galaxies in exactly the same way, which hasn?t been possible before,? said Peter Capak of Caltech. ?Our study offers a surprisingly simple and obvious explanation to this puzzle. Whenever we see simplicity in nature amidst apparent complexity, it?s very satisfying,? said Carollo.
Source: http://www.astronomy.com/~/link.aspx?_id=74f7f751-82cc-496b-af1b-761e46d84d1b
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FILE - In this Oct. 11, 2012 file photo, Lindsay Lohan attends the Mr. Pink Ginseng launch party at the Beverly Wilshire hotel in Beverly Hills, Calif. A Los Angeles judge ordered Lohan on Wednesday, July 31, 2013, to undergo 18 months of therapy sessions to continue treatment after a successful three-month stay in rehab facilities as part of her sentence in a misdemeanor case filed after a car accident in June 2012. (Photo by Richard Shotwell/Invision/AP, File)
FILE - In this Oct. 11, 2012 file photo, Lindsay Lohan attends the Mr. Pink Ginseng launch party at the Beverly Wilshire hotel in Beverly Hills, Calif. A Los Angeles judge ordered Lohan on Wednesday, July 31, 2013, to undergo 18 months of therapy sessions to continue treatment after a successful three-month stay in rehab facilities as part of her sentence in a misdemeanor case filed after a car accident in June 2012. (Photo by Richard Shotwell/Invision/AP, File)
LOS ANGELES (AP) ? Lindsay Lohan has completed her court-ordered stay in rehab and must continue therapy into late next year, a judge said Wednesday.
The "Liz & Dick" star must meet with a therapist at least three times a week until November 2014, Superior Court Judge James R. Dabney said, following the treatment recommendation of Richard Taite, founder and CEO of Cliffside Malibu, the rehab facility where Lohan was recently residing.
Taite wrote Dabney a letter stating the need for Lohan to remain in therapy.
"Our entire clinical team is in unanimous agreement that if these sessions are not required by the court and attendance verified once a month to ensure accountability, it is a setup for almost certain failure," Taite wrote.
The judge's ruling calls for Lohan to receive 18 months of therapy and gives her credit for the three months of rehab that she has just completed.
If the actress is traveling, she can meet with her therapist via videoconferencing software, the judge said.
Lohan, 27, was not present at the hearing meant to update Dabney on her progress.
The actress remains on probation for a pair of cases involving the theft of a necklace and lying to police about driving when her sports car slammed into a dump truck on Pacific Coast Highway in June 2012.
Taite praised Lohan's progress in recent months.
"We couldn't be happier with the progress Ms. Lohan has made in building a solid foundation from which to continue the excellent work she has begun here at Cliffside Malibu," he wrote.
Lohan started her treatment at the Betty Ford Center in Rancho Mirage and was later transferred to Cliffside Malibu. Her next court date is scheduled for November 2014.
The actress's latest film, "The Canyons" will have a limited theatrical release in New York and Los Angeles in August. She has signed a deal on OWN to appear in an eight-part series based on her life and will be interviewed by Oprah Winfrey in August.
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Anthony McCartney can be reached at http://twitter.com/mccartneyAP .
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That beautiful image you see up there is our twin galaxy Andromeda. A neighbor that's right next door, a mere 2.5 million light-years-away. And this new portrait was taken by an all-new telescope camera that's got a whole life of stellar shots ahead of it.
Source: http://gizmodo.com/an-incredible-galatic-snapshot-from-your-new-favorite-t-989305574
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